Zadok Jewelers Glossary of Terms

Have questions or a word you're not familiar with? We're here to help.

This is a glossary of some terms that are often used in the jewelry industry and we at Zadok Jewelers know that an informed customer is a better customer. We would like you to be as informed as possible about the jewelry, timepiece and gift industry as possible so that you may make better decisions and thereby be happier with your purchases.

Click a letter below to see all of the terms beginning with that letter:

Click a term in the glossary list below to be taken to it's definition:

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A

AGS – The American Gem Society was established in 1934. It is a recognized authority in the testing and certification of Registered Jewelers, Certified Gemologists, and Certified Gemologist Appraisers. Back to top ⇧

AGSL – The American Gem Society Laboratories is recognized by the jewelry industry as one of the foremost authorities for grading diamonds. The AGSL issues a number of grading reports: Diamond Quality Reports provide a complete technical grading analysis, including information on proportion, polish and symmetry. Diamond Quality Documents present a complete grading analysis, with a special emphasis on grading the cut along with the polish, proportion and symmetry. Back to top ⇧

AGTA – The American Gem Trade Association is recognized in the jewelry industry as a top authority on grading natural colored gemstones, pearls and cultured pearls. Back to top ⇧

Akoya Pearls – Akoya pearls are the most valued of the cultured pearls. Known for their rich, white color and rosé overtones. Akoya pearls are cultured on pearl farms, sorted, matched and sold as jewelry. Back to top ⇧

Alloy – A term used to describe the mixture of two or more metals. For example, rose gold is an alloy of yellow gold and copper. Back to top ⇧

Amethyst – A purple variety of quartz, amethysts have long been featured in the crown jewels of royalty. These brilliant purple gemstones show highlights of lavender. Amethysts are the birthstone of February. Back to top ⇧

Analog (Watch) – In watches, the use of mechanical hour and minute hands to convey the time. Back to top ⇧

Anneal – Annealing is the heating enhancement process used with color gemstones. It is a common and accepted practice for enhancing both the strength and color of various gemstones. Back to top ⇧

Appraisal – An appraisal includes a brief description and photograph of the item, and includes the cut, color, clarity, and either carat weight for any diamonds, or millimeter dimensions for any gemstones. Your insurance agency can rely on this appraisal to calculate a coverage rate for your diamond or piece of fine jewelry. Back to top ⇧

Aquamarine – A blue variety of beryl (emerald is also a beryl). These bright, light blue gemstones show subtle flashes of pale aqua. The March birthstone is aquamarine. Back to top ⇧

Assay, Assaying – To test the purity of gold, silver, or other precious metal. A tiny sample is taken to determine the percentage of metals present. Based on the results of the tested sample, the alloy is given the appropriate purity stamp or designation. Back to top ⇧

Asscher-Cut Diamond – This beautifully unique shape is nearly identical to the emerald-cut, except that it is square. Also, this shape has a pavilion that is cut with rectangular facets in the same style as the emerald-cut. Back to top ⇧

Automatic Movement – A type of watch movement that uses energy created by the action of the wearer's arm. Arm movement makes a weight (rotor) oscillate and triggers the mainspring to wind the watch. No battery is needed. Many automatic watches will tell time for up to 36-hours off the wrist, after which time the watch will stop working and must be either wound by hand or rocked for a minute or two to begin keeping time again. Automatic movement is typically found only in fine watches. Back to top ⇧

B

Baguette – A step-cut style of cut developed in the early 20th century. Derived from the French word for "rod", this rectangular cut normally has 14 facets and is used for side stones. Back to top ⇧

Bail – A metal hooplike element, or finding, that is used to attach a pendant to a chain or cord. Back to top ⇧

Band (Watch) – The band, strap, or bracelet that holds your watch to your wrist. Most watches are easy to size to fit. If you have a rubber strap or leather band, simply cinch the band to fit the buckle hole that is most comfortable for your wrist. If you have a bracelet band and need to remove links, follow the watch manufacturer's instructions. Back to top ⇧

Band (Wedding) – A ring which is exchanged during the wedding ceremony. It is traditionally made of precious metal and has the same width all the way around. Modern bands often include diamonds. Back to top ⇧

Band Length (Watch) – This is the length of the watch measured from end to end. Most watches with metal bracelets are designed to be shortened, so keep in mind that when you buy this type of watch you will most likely have to remove links in order to make it fit properly. Back to top ⇧

Bangle – A rigid bracelet designed to slip over the hand. However, some bangle designs do feature clasps. Back to top ⇧

Bar Channel Setting – Individual metal bars are set perpendicular to the ring, separating the gemstones. The metal is molded around a gem to lock it in place. Back to top ⇧

Baroque Pearl – A term referring to a pearl that is not of uniform shape. Elongated or irregular pearls occur when the pearl encounters uneven resistance while forming. Common baroque pearl shapes include interesting elliptical and teardrop variations. Back to top ⇧

Basket – An ornamental head, or setting, that looks something like a woven basket. Back to top ⇧

Battery – Quartz watches use a battery that is powered using silver oxide, which provides 1.5 volts of energy for anywhere from 1 to 5 years. Lithium batteries can last as long as 10 years, and deliver 3 volts of energy. Always make sure that your replacement battery is the same type as the original. Back to top ⇧

Battery Life – The duration that the battery will continue to provide power. Typically, this period begins when the battery is installed at the watch factory, so the watch battery could run down sooner than the expected battery life. If this happens, follow your manufacturer's instructions. Note: Automatic watches or watches that are powered by light or movement will never need a battery change. Back to top ⇧

Bezel – Refers to 8 kite-like facets located on a diamond's crown, sloping just above the girdle and below the table. A bezel setting wraps entirely around the diamond at the girdle. Back to top ⇧

Bezel (Watch) – The edge that surrounds the dial of a watch and secures its crystal. A unidirectional bezel is a bezel that rotates one direction, and can be used for measuring elapsed time or viewing time in another time zone. A unidirectional bezel has less potential for being bumped and moved. This is especially useful when measuring critical elapsed time underwater while diving. Back to top ⇧

Bezel Setting – A metal rim that surrounds the gemstone to secure it in place by the girdle. The bezel setting style is secure, but does not block light from entering the stone and creating brilliance. Back to top ⇧

Birthstone – Birthstones have long been associated with the months of the year. In the 1950s, the US jewelry industry published the list that is commonly used today, and assigned birthstones as follows:

Blemish – Any mark, scratch, nick, abrasion, knot or other flaw on the surface of a diamond.This can affect clarity. A blemish can occur naturally or be the result of polishing. Also can refer to a blister or spot on the surface of a pearl. Most pearls have some kind of small blemishes, and the pearl's value is reflective of the type and amount of blemishes shown. Other acceptable blemishes include spots, wrinkles, blisters and small pits.Back to top ⇧

Body Color – The basic color of a pearl: white, cream, yellow, pink, silver, or black. A pearl can also have a hint of secondary color when seen in the right light or examined more closely. The primary body color is always listed first. Back to top ⇧

Box Chain – A chain style featuring broad, square links. Sometimes also referred to as a Venetian chain. Back to top ⇧

Bracelet Band (Watch) – Any watchband made up of metal links. There are many different bracelet band styles, including bangle, solid, mesh, and more. Back to top ⇧

Brightness – The reflections of white light seen when a diamond is viewed from the top. Back to top ⇧

Brilliance – Light reflected up through the surface of a diamond. Brilliance is maximized by cutting a diamond to the correct proportions. It is the measure of white light that has entered and is then reflected back to the human eye when a diamond is viewed table up. This is a direct result of the diamond's cut. Back to top ⇧

Brilliant Cut – A specific gemstone cut that has exactly 58 facets. A brilliant cut diamond can have several shapes: round, oval, radiant (basically square), as well as pear-shaped or heart-shaped. The brilliant cut is the most popular diamond cut style and was developed to maximize a diamond's brilliance. The most common brilliant cut is the round brilliant, but there are also modified brilliant cuts resulting in different shapes. Back to top ⇧

Brillianteering – Brillianteering refers to the final stages of the diamond cutting process when the star facets along with the upper and lower half facets (also known as upper and lower girdle facets) are polished on the diamond. Occasionally during this polishing process, the facets are "painted" or "dug out," which can affect the face-up appearance of the diamond. GIA certificates note when this affects a diamond's cut grade. Back to top ⇧

Bruise – A minor chip or concussion on the stone that may create root-like lines inside the diamond. The presence of a tiny bruise can make the difference between an IF and a VVS1 grade. Bruises are found in diamonds of VVS1 and lower clarity grades. Of course if your diamond has a higher clarity grade, the bruise may be impossible to see with the naked eye, and difficult even under 10X magnification. Back to top ⇧

Byzantine Chain – A chain style featuring intricate, close-fitting links. Back to top ⇧

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Cable Chain – A chain style featuring uniform, round links. Back to top ⇧

Cabochon – A gemstone with a rounded convex surface, rather than facets. A popular style for onyx, star sapphire and other opaque gemstones. Back to top ⇧

Calcium Carbonate – The main mineral component of a pearl's nacre, or outer layer. It is composed mostly of calcite and aragonite. Back to top ⇧

Carat (ct.) Weight – Carat weight is the measurement used for the weighing of a diamond. A single carat is equal to 200 milligrams, or 1/5th of a gram (1/142nd of an ounce). The carat can be spanided into 100 points, with 100 points equaling one carat. Back to top ⇧

Carat Total Weight (ct.tw.) – Denotes the combined carat weight of all diamonds in a piece of jewelry. For example, a pendant set with three diamonds, each weighing 1/3 carat, weighs approximately 1 ct. tw.

Carbon Spots – These are small, dark-appearing diamond inclusions that, upon close inspection, are usually seen to be clear diamond crystals, clear mineral crystals or cleavages. Rarely actually carbon, the apparent darkness of these "spots" is normally the result of light reflection. Back to top ⇧

Case (Watch) – The metal encasing the bezel and face. Watch cases are usually made of stainless steel. If you'd prefer a more durable, ultra-light case, choose a watch with a titanium case. Back to top ⇧

Case Length (Watch) – In inches, the approximate measurement of the case from one edge of the band to the other band edge. Back to top ⇧

Case Thickness (Watch) – In inches, the approximate measurement of the case depth measured from the back to the front along the side of the watch. Back to top ⇧

Case Width (Watch) – In inches, the approximate measurement from the tip of the crown horizontally across the watch to the other side. Back to top ⇧

Cavity – Cavities are holes within the diamond's surface. They are normally the result of polishing (in which a knot or feather is polished out, leaving a hole), cleavage or a blow to the surface. Back to top ⇧

Center Stone – The central, dominant stone in a piece of jewelry set with multiple stones. In a ring set with one stone, the center stone is also called the solitaire. Back to top ⇧

Certification – A diamond certificate is a report created by a gemologist or gemological lab. The diamond is scrutinized under a microscope and other optic-enhancing equipment to analyze its dimensions, clarity, cut, color, finish, symmetry and other characteristics. Back to top ⇧

Clarity – Clarity is one of the 4C's and is the measure of a diamond's light properties. It is graded on a scale of "FL" (Flawless) to "I" (Imperfect). Clarity grade is determined by the level of inclusions and blemishes seen in and on the diamond with a 10X loupe. Back to top ⇧

Chain – A general term used to describe any series of connected metal links or loops. Typically used for bracelets, necklaces, and watch bands. Back to top ⇧

Channel Setting – A setting style where ridges in the metal create a channel that holds gemstones securely in place. Back to top ⇧

Charm – An ornamental piece of jewelry, often engraveable, which is attached to a bracelet, necklace, or earring. Back to top ⇧

Chip – A tiny chip in the diamond caused in cutting or from a sharp blow. Larger, more serious chips can result in considerable weight loss. Of course, if your diamond has a higher clarity grade, the chip may be impossible to see with the naked eye, and may be hard to find under a 10X magnification jeweler's loupe. Back to top ⇧

Choker – A short, close-fitting necklace, such as Blue Nile's 16-inch pearl necklace. Back to top ⇧

Chronograph – A watch with timing functions that are displayed in subdials on the face of the watch. Most chronographs are comprised of three subdials, and can measure fractions of seconds, minutes in increments other than 60, and hours in other than one-hour increments. Chronographs should not be confused with chronometers, which are devices with accuracy so exact that they have met special time standards set by the Swiss Official Chronometer Testing Institute (C.O.S.C.). Back to top ⇧

Chronometer – A less common and more expensive form of timepiece. A chronometer achieves accuracy so exact that it has met special time standards set by the Swiss Official Chronometer Testing Institute (C.O.S.C.). Back to top ⇧

Citrine – A golden yellow-orange variety of quartz. These sunny gemstones get their name from the French word for lemon. Citrine is the November birthstone. Back to top ⇧

Clarity – The clarity scale is used to describe how few inclusions a gemstone has. For diamonds, the clarity scale ranges from flawless (FL), meaning a gemstone has no internal or external flaws, to severely included (I3), meaning there are many flaws clearly visible to the unaided eye. Blue Nile only carries diamonds above SI quality. Back to top ⇧

Clasp – The general term for any type latching mechanism that connects two ends of a piece of jewelry securely together. Back to top ⇧

Claw Setting – A setting in which metal prongs, or claws, hold the gemstone in a setting. Also called prong setting. Other setting styles include bezel, channel, bar channel, and more. Back to top ⇧

Cloud – A group of tiny pinpoints found inside a diamond. Most clouds are made up of crystals too tiny to see individually under the 10X magnification of a jeweler's loupe. Clouds may be impossible to see with the naked-eye in diamonds of very high clarity. This is rarely a serious inclusion. Back to top ⇧

Coin Pearl – A round, flat cultured pearl that has the same general shape as a coin. Back to top ⇧

Color – One of the 4Cs and a measure of the level of color seen within the diamond. The GIA color grading system of "D" (or colorless) to "Z" grades color according to a diamond's light absorption and the amount of trace elements present within a given diamond. Back to top ⇧

Comfort Fit – A special metal band design that features a rounded inside edge for more comfortable constant wear. Back to top ⇧

Complexion – Refers to the quality of the surface of a pearl. Most pearls have some insignificant marks or small blemishes, and the pearl's value is based on the type and amount of blemishes the complexion shows. Acceptable blemishes include spots, blisters and small pits. Back to top ⇧

Contrast – The light and dark patterns you see when you look at a diamond. Contrast can have a positive or negative effect on a diamond's brilliance. Back to top ⇧

Corundum – A mineral that forms rubies and sapphires. Back to top ⇧

Craftsmanship – A description of the care that went into the crafting the finished diamond, as evident in its polish and symmetry. This is a component of the cut grade, as determined by the GIA. Back to top ⇧

Crown – The crown is the top portion of the diamond. The crown begins above the girdle, or widest portion of the diamond, and consists of the table, or top, and a varying number of facets. Back to top ⇧

Crown (Watch) – A knob that is usually found on the middle right side of a watch, used to set the time and date. Some watch knobs also allow you to control other special watch functions. Back to top ⇧

Crown Angle – The crown angle is the degree of the angle formed between the table and the girdle. This angle determines the bezel facet positions and, subsequently, the amount of fire or dispersion seen in the diamond. Back to top ⇧

Crystal – A tiny bit of mineral, diamond, or other matter, that is found inside a diamond. It can vary in size, shape, and color. The presence of a single crystal can make the difference between an IF and a VS1 grade. Back to top ⇧

Crystal (Watch) – The protective clear cover that fits over the watch dial. It can be made of mineral, synthetic sapphire, plastic, or acrylic material. The sapphire crystal is the most durable, as only a diamond can scratch its surface. Back to top ⇧

Culet – This is the point at the bottom of the diamond. It can be polished into a facet parallel to the girdle (the smallest facet on a diamond) or made into a point. The facet or point at the bottom of the pavilion of a gemstone. It is sometimes listed as a facet and would, for example, increase the number of facets listed for a round brilliant diamond from 57 to 58. Because medium to large culets may have an impact on a diamond's light performance, the preferred culet grades for a round diamond range from none to small. Culets in the preferred grades are generally undetectable to the unaided eye. Back to top ⇧

Cultured Pearl – A pearl cultivated when a small irritant is inserted into an oyster or other mollusk. The irritant is often a bead made of mother-of-pearl or mantle tissue. The general method of culturing pearls was created in 1916. Back to top ⇧

Cut – Considered by many to be the most important of the 4C's, CUT is the greatest determinant in a diamond's light qualities. The cut of a diamond is the approach to and results of cutting the raw, rough diamond into the polished, shining stone. Back to top ⇧

Cushion-Cut Diamond – Rounded corners and large facets define this traditional diamond shape. Also referred to as a pillow diamond by some jewelers and retailers. Back to top ⇧

Cut – Refers to the geometric proportions of a gemstone. The cut of a gemstone is one of the most important factors in determining how much brilliance a gemstone produces. Back to top ⇧

Cut, Fair – A diamond that has been cut to proportions that will yield more carat weight from the diamond rough. A fair cut will produce beautiful brilliance, but will not be as brilliant as a higher grade of cut. Back to top ⇧

Cut, Good – A diamond that has been cut and proportioned to allow it to reflect most light that enters. A good cut is often significantly less expensive than a very good cut and is a very acceptable choice for most jewelry. Back to top ⇧

Cut, Ideal – A diamond that reflects nearly all light as brilliance and fire. Its proportions fall within the AGSL table and depth standards for an ideal cut grade. This is the highest grade given by the AGSL. Back to top ⇧

Cut, Very Good – A diamond that has been cut and proportioned to allow it to reflect nearly all light as brilliance and fire. This is an outstanding cut that displays a negligible visible difference when compared to an ideal-cut diamond with the naked eye. This is the second-highest grade given by the AGSL. Back to top ⇧

D

Date Window (Watch) – A window on the watch face that displays the day of the month and possibly the day of the week. Back to top ⇧

Deployment Buckle (Watch) – A deployment clasp is a hinged metal clasp that folds over itself and latches into place with a small hook latch. Also called a hidden clasp. Back to top ⇧

Depth – The depth of a diamond is the measure from a diamond's table, or top, to its culet, or bottom. This measure is taken in millimeters. Back to top ⇧

Depth Percentage – The height of a gemstone, measured from the culet to the table, divided by the width of the gemstone. The depth percentage is critical to creating brilliance and fire in a diamond, and a gemstone with a depth percentage too low or too high will lack sparkle. Back to top ⇧

Depth & Table Percentages – Depth and table percentages help determine the proportions of a diamond. From these measurements you can determine the quality and grade of a diamond's cut. Use depth and table percentage to determine the cut grade of your diamond. Back to top ⇧

Design – The decisions made while crafting a diamond which determine its shape, including its weight ratio and durability. This is a component of the cut grade, as determined by the GIA. Back to top ⇧

Diameter – The width of a loose diamond, earring, pendant, or any round part of a piece of jewelry as measured across the widest part. This measurement is an estimated average. For more information on diamond diameter, read our education on diamonds. Back to top ⇧

Diamond – The hardest substance on earth, the diamond is a carbon based crystalline mineral. Its hardness and light properties arise from its "cubic" or "isometric" crystalline from. This form also allows the diamond to be fractured or cut into attractive gemstone shapes. Back to top ⇧

Diamond Cutting – This is the actual cutting of the diamond into its final shape. It is dependent on the skill of the cutter and the inherent qualities of the rough stone. The main goal is to create the most attractive diamond possible while minimizing the loss of rough stone. Back to top ⇧

Diamond Dossier® – The Diamond Dossier is a special GIA report issued for diamonds weighing less than 1 carat. It features a laser inscription, but no diamond plot. Back to top ⇧

Dimensions – The length and width of a gemstone as it appears from the top when set in jewelry. This measurement represents the size of the gemstone more accurately than carat weight. Back to top ⇧

Dispersion – The term used to describe how white light is broken into its spectral (rainbow) colors. Back to top ⇧

Drop Earrings – An earring that hangs below the ear lobe, usually features dangling precious metal, diamonds, or gemstones. Back to top ⇧

Drop Necklace – A necklace that features precious metal or gemstones dangling from a chain. Back to top ⇧

Durability – The measure of a diamond's relative resistance to chipping, fracture, or breaking. Back to top ⇧

E

Emerald – A brilliant clear green variety of beryl. Emerald is the birthstone for the month of May. It is normal for natural emeralds to have a number of small inclusions, possibly eye-visible. The color of an emerald is more of a factor in determining value than the inclusions. Back to top ⇧

Emerald-Cut – What makes this shape different is its pavilion, which is cut with rectangular facets to create brilliance. Back to top ⇧

Engrave – To decorate by carving a design with hand tools, a stamping press, or drill. Also refers to the practice of inscribing a dedication or monogram. Back to top ⇧

Enhancements – Treatments that are an accepted part of the process of gemstone cutting and polishing, such as heating. Back to top ⇧

Extra Facet – A diamond that has one or more facets in addition to the normal number of facets in a particular cutting style. Back to top ⇧

Eye-Clean – A level of gemstone clarity in which no inclusions are visible to the unaided eye. Back to top ⇧

F

Face (Watch) – This refers to the area under the watch crystal and surrounded by the bezel. In analog watches, it is the surface underneath the watch hands, usually made of a contrasting color. Back to top ⇧

Face-Up Appearance – The overall appearance of a diamond when it is viewed from the top. The description factors include the brightness, fire, and scintillation of the diamond in both fixed and tilted positions. This is a component of the cut grade, as determined by the GIA. Back to top ⇧

Facet – Facets are the flat, polished planes that cover the surface of a diamond or gemstone. Facets act as mirrors and windows on and into the diamond. Accurate facets are a primary factor in the amount of sparkle and fire a diamond displays. Back to top ⇧

Faceted Girdle – Cutters will sometimes polish facets onto the actual girdle of the diamond. This allows the girdle to reflect and refract light. Back to top ⇧

Fancy Colored Diamond – Natural, fancy-colored diamonds are graded on a different color scale than white diamonds, and can be much more expensive. Fancy-colored diamonds come in a broad spectrum of colors. Back to top ⇧

Fancy diamond – Fancy diamond refers to an attractive, strong color property of a particular diamond. A diamond that has a particularly distinctive color, such as red, blue, strong yellow or other will be considered a Fancy Diamond. Back to top ⇧

Fancy-Shaped Diamond – Used for all shapes that are not round brilliant. This includes princess, emerald, pear, heart-shaped and more. Back to top ⇧

Feather – These are inclusions, or imperfections within a diamond. They are cleavages or cracks, usually due to stress, that appear to be clear or white feathers when viewed through a 10x loupe. A tiny fracture or fissure inside a diamond that often resembles a feather. The feather may be impossible to see with the unaided eye in diamonds with higher clarity grades, and may be hard to find even under the 10X magnification of a jeweler's loupe. Back to top ⇧

Filigree – A metalworking technique that creates intricate scroll and curlicue patterns. Filigree is often used to make decorative necklace and bracelet clasps. Back to top ⇧

Finish – The final cut and polish given to a diamond and the overall quality of the diamond's symmetry. Back to top ⇧

Fire – The flashes of colored light reflected back from within a diamond, comparable to a prism. In general, higher grade diamond cuts refract more colors when turned in the light. Back to top ⇧

Flaw – This refers to an imperfection (such as a knot, feather or carbon spot, among others) found somewhere within or on a diamond. Back to top ⇧

Fluorescence – The effect of ultraviolet (UV) light on boron atoms that are found within some diamonds. Boron within the crystalline lattice structure of the diamond emits a glowing and (normally) bluish light under UV-rich light. This has little to no discernable affect on the diamond's light displayThose diamonds that produce a visible reaction when exposed to ultraviolet radiation. In laboratory experiments with both trained gemologists and individuals with no diamond experience (meant to represent the jewelry-buying public), no relationship was found between fluorescence and a diamond's overall appearance. Diamonds with a strong or very strong fluorescence are a better value for the end customer because the market prices them slightly lower than diamonds with faint or negligible fluorescence. Back to top ⇧

Flyback Chronograph – A chronograph designed to facilitate quick resets. One push of the button starts the seconds hand. The second push resets the second hand to zero and begins timing again. For most chronographs, you push once to start, again to stop, and use another button to reset to zero. Back to top ⇧

Fold-Over Buckle (Watch) – A fold-over buckle is similar to a deployment buckle, but has an additional locking metal flap. Also called a folding clasp buckle. Back to top ⇧

Four C's – The general characteristics by which diamonds are judged for quality; Cut, Color, Clarity, and Carat weight. The Four C's are a useful starting point for learning more about diamonds. Back to top ⇧

Fracture – A fracture is a break in the diamond's crystal matrix. This occurs when a break occurs that goes against a diamond's natural cleavage plane. Back to top ⇧

French Wire – An earring back style, especially for dangling or drop earrings. A curved wire resembling a fish hook that is passed through a pierced ear. Back to top ⇧

Freshwater Pearl – A cultured pearl produced by mollusks that are cultivated in freshwater. Freshwater and saltwater mollusks differ in that freshwater pearls can produce several pearls at once, and the pearls do not need to be initiated with an irritant. Back to top ⇧

G

Garnet – Rich, burgundy-red garnets get their name from the Latin word for pomegranate seed. The red garnet is the birthstone of January. Back to top ⇧

GCAL – The Gem Certification and Assurance Lab. GCAL offers diamond authentication and grading certificates issued by some of the top experts in the diamond grading industry. They assess the light performance of the diamond for brilliance and symmetry and can provide a Gemprint for positive ID. Back to top ⇧

Gemologist – A person educated and equipped to examine and grade diamonds and other gemstones. Back to top ⇧

Gemologist, Graduate – Graduate Gemologist is the designation given to a person who has successfully completed GIA's Graduate Diamonds diploma program and GIA's Graduate Colored Stones diploma program. The program gives people the grading and identification skills needed to become a professional appraiser, buyer, or retailer. Back to top ⇧

Gemscope™ – A device similar to a laboratory microscope, allowing jewelers and gemologists to examine diamonds and gemstones under powerful magnification and bright light. Back to top ⇧

Gemstone Clarity – Because gemstones form under unique circumstances, each individual gemstone is comprised of a combination of trace minerals, which create a unique set of identifying marks or inclusions. Flawlessness in colored gemstones is not as sought after as it is in diamonds. Some varieties of colored gemstones, such as aquamarine, blue topaz, and citrine, have naturally fewer inclusions while other gemstones, such as emerald and ruby, tend to have a higher rate of acceptable inclusions. Back to top ⇧

Gemstone Color – The color scale is used to describe the color present within a gemstone. For gemstones, color is described in terms of tone and hue. Back to top ⇧

Gemstone Size – A gemstone's size is represented by the its diameter, length, or width (in millimeters). Though gemstones can also be measured by carat weight , the varying densities of different gemstones makes this an inaccurate way to judge size. Back to top ⇧

GIA – The Gemological Institute of America, GIA, is the world's leading and most respected gemological laboratory. They offer certification for inspanidual diamonds based on scientifically rigorous grading systems. Back to top ⇧

Girdle – The intersection of the crown and pavilion which defines the perimeter of the diamond. It is recommended that you avoid girdles graded either extremely thin, which makes diamonds more susceptible to chipping, or extremely thick, which puts too much weight in the middle of the diamond, causing it to look smaller than diamonds of similar weight. Back to top ⇧

Girdle Thickness – The thickness or range of variation in the thickness of a diamond's girdle. Back to top ⇧

Gold – Gold has been used to create jewelry for centuries and is valued for its beauty, strength and malleability. Gold will never tarnish, rust, or corrode. While naturally yellow, various alloys are commonly added to gold to create white gold and rose gold. Gold is commonly measured by karat for jewelry:

Grading Report, Grading Certificate – Depending on the laboratory doing the grading, your diamond document could be called a diamond grading report, Diamond Dossier®, or diamond quality report. These reports are created by gem labs who analyze the diamond. Back to top ⇧

Graduated – To change in gradual increments. For example in a pearl necklace, pearls on the strand become gradually larger in size as they are strung further from the clasp, and are largest in the center. Back to top ⇧

Graining – Miniscule lines that show the irregularities of a diamond's crystal structure. Back to top ⇧

H

Head – The metal basket that hold the center stone or solitaire in place. Back to top ⇧

Hearts & Arrows Effect – The term Hearts and Arrows is used to describe the visual effect achieved in a round diamond with perfect symmetry and angles. The Hearts and Arrows effect is exhibited in all Blue Nile Signature round diamonds. When viewed under special magnification, the perfectly aligned facets of these diamonds reveal the Hearts and Arrows pattern. From the bottom, eight perfectly symmetrical hearts can be seen and, when viewed from the top, eight completely uniform arrows. Back to top ⇧

Heart-Shaped Diamond – The shape of a heart is traditionally associated with love, and since most heart-shape diamonds are nearly round, each has the advantage of having a nearly round pavilion that provides its beautiful brilliance. Back to top ⇧

Hidden Clasp with Safety – A clasp that has an additional safety. To open, unsnap the safety latch, push down on the tab until it unlocks, and gently pull apart. Back to top ⇧

Hinged Hoop Earring – A hoop earring that is hinged at the bottom. Opening the earring exposes the post and allows placement. Closing the earring locks the post into a small indentation or hole on the other side. Back to top ⇧

Hook Clasp – The arm of the hook clasp locks underneath when closed. To open, lift the tab gently. Back to top ⇧

Hue – Hue is a designation of the dominant wavelength of light (also known as color) found in a diamond, such as red, blue, yellow and so forth. Hue is one of the primary indicators in fancy color grading, along with saturation. Back to top ⇧

I

IGI – The International Gemological Institute employs highly-trained and experienced teams of technicians and gemologists in state-of-the-art laboratories located around the world. They have provided gemological training, record-keeping, security, and handling for more than 30 years. Back to top ⇧

Included crystal – An internal flaw, or inclusion, within the diamond crystal. A trace mineral, fracture, or other imperfection that contributes to the unique fingerprint of a diamond or gemstone. All but the rarest gemstones contain inclusions, which are created during the gemstones' formation in the earth. This is a separate crystal within the diamond crystal matrix. It is often simply another diamond crystal. Back to top ⇧

Inclusion – A flaw that is found within the diamond. This can be a break, feather, carbon spot, included crystal or any other imperfection. Inclusions serve as a fingerprint for a diamond, as no two diamonds have identical inclusions. Back to top ⇧

Indentation – A tiny surface blemish on a pearl which looks like a dent. Pearl indentations generally will not affect the pearl's structure but it may affect the price of the pearl. Back to top ⇧

Indented Natural – A tiny indented edge of the original rough diamond crystal that is left unpolished on the surface of the final, polished diamond. Back to top ⇧

Internal graining – The result of irregular crystallization growth within the diamond during the diamond's formation. If clear, it will not detract from the diamond's light properties but if colored or dark, it will cause the light transmission to suffer and lower overall clarity grade. Back to top ⇧

Irradiated diamond – This is a diamond that has been submitted to radiation. This is a process used by some companies on color diamonds in order to increase the diamond's color intensity. Back to top ⇧

Irritant – The small parasite or particle that stimulates the growth of a pearl. The irritant can occur naturally or, as in the case of cultured pearls, the irritant can be manually inserted to initiate pearl growth. Back to top ⇧

J

Jewels (Watch) – The number of durable jewels, such as synthetic sapphires or rubies, that are used inside the watch as mechanical parts because of their resistance to wear due to friction. Back to top ⇧

K

Karat – Measurement of the purity of gold. Pure gold is too soft to withstand the stresses of every-day wear, so it is alloyed with a mixture of metals like silver, copper, nickel, and zinc to give it strength and durability. Products made from gold are marked to show how much actual gold is contained in the product:

Knot – A flaw that is a diamond crystal, essentially a far smaller diamond, which sits on the surface of the diamond. They often appear as small bumps, with a growth pattern that differs from the lines of the host diamond. Back to top ⇧

Knotted Pearl Strand – An intricate knot is tied between each pearl to help prevent the pearls from rubbing against each other. Individually knotted strands also help prevent loss. Back to top ⇧

L

Lariat Necklace – A lariat necklace typically has no clasp and is worn by threading or wrapping one end through the other end. Back to top ⇧

Laser Inscription – The process of using a micro-laser beam to etch a microscopic inscription onto the girdle of a diamond. The inscription may be the diamond's certificate number, a brand logo, or even a personal message. Back to top ⇧

Latch Earring Back – The hinged arm closes and snaps into the U-shaped lock. Back to top ⇧

Leakage – The areas in a diamond where light escapes and does not return to your eye. Back to top ⇧

Length-to-Width Ratio – The length-to-width ratio compares the length of a diamond to its width to convey how relatively square or rectangular a fancy-shaped diamond appears when viewed from the top. You'll find the length-to-width ratios for all fancy-shaped diamonds on each diamond detail page.Ex. A 3-carat princess-cut diamond measuring 10.0 mm long by 10.10 mm wide has a length-to-width ratio of 1.01, and will appear perfectly square. Back to top ⇧

Light Performance – The overall appearance of a diamond when it is viewed from the top. The description factors in the brightness, fire, and scintillation of the diamond in both fixed and tilted positions. This is a component of the cut grade, as determined by the AGSL. Back to top ⇧

Light Fancy Yellow – Fancy colored diamonds are not white diamonds with poor color grades. True yellow diamonds can be comparable to white diamonds, but are graded on a different color scale. Certified yellow diamonds are treasured for the color they exhibit. The fancy yellow diamond rings at Blue Nile are accompanied by an IGI appraisal which states the color grade, and offers assurance that the color is natural. Back to top ⇧

Lithium-Ion Battery – A light, high-energy battery, used for watches and other portable devices. Lithium-Ion batteries are long-lasting. Back to top ⇧

Lobster Claw Clasp – Named for its appearance, the lobster claw clasp uses the pressure of a tiny spring to keep its claw closed. Back to top ⇧

Loupe – A magnifying lens set at 10X magnification and corrected for color. This is the jewelry industry standard for viewing diamonds. Back to top ⇧

Lower-Half Length – Seen from the bottom of a diamond, the horizontally projected distance between the girdle edge and where the two pavilion mains meet. Back to top ⇧

Lower-Half Length Percentage – Average lower-half length relative to the distance between the culet and the girdle. Back to top ⇧

Luster – A combination of the pearl's exterior shine and glow from within. Luster is created by light reflected from tiny calcium crystals within the pearl nacre. Back to top ⇧

M

Mabé Pearl – A hemispherical cultured pearl that is grown on the inside of an oyster's shell rather than in the oyster's tissue. This half-pearl is cut from the inside of the shell and backed with mother-of-pearl. Back to top ⇧

Make – The proportions to which a diamond has been cut. An Ideal, Very Good, or Good make will have proportions that maximize the brilliance and fire of a diamond. A poor cut will result in a diamond that has little sparkle and cannot properly reflect light because of the way it was cut. Back to top ⇧

Mantle – Soft tissue inside an oyster. A cultured pearl is formed when a surgically-inserted nucleus is coated with nacre by the oyster inside the mantle. Back to top ⇧

Markers – Visual marks on the watch that indicate minutes or hours. Back to top ⇧

Marquise-Cut Diamond – An elongated diamond shape with two pointy ends. The length of the marquise helps makes fingers appear long and slender. Back to top ⇧

Master Set – A master set of grading diamonds used for comparison when color grading diamonds. There are also color master sets for accurately describing the various hues and saturation of colored diamonds and gemstones. Back to top ⇧

Matching – A description of how well individual pearls in a piece of jewelry match one another. Also called uniformity, it can be Excellent, Good, or Fair. Back to top ⇧

Matinee Length – A pearl necklace 24 inches long. Back to top ⇧

Melee – Refers to small, brilliant cut diamonds, normally no larger than .20 carat, or 20 points. Often used as side stones and for pave settings. Back to top ⇧

Metal Type – Gold, platinum, palladium and silver are generally used to create fine jewelry. Stainless steel and titanium are most often seen in men's jewelry and watches. Back to top ⇧

Milgrain Edge – A design consisting of very small, repeated ridges. Back to top ⇧

Millimeter – The metric unit of measure equal to about 0.04 inch. For reference, a US 5-cent coin is just under 2mm thick. Back to top ⇧

Mineral Crystal (Watch) – A watch crystal made of a mineral substance harder and more durable than an acrylic watch crystal. Back to top ⇧

Mohs Hardness Scale – A scale developed by Friedrich Mohs to determine the relative hardness of minerals and other objects. The scale assigns the numbers 1 to 10 to specific minerals, softest to hardest respectively, using a scratch test. For reference, the average fingernail has a Mohs hardness of about 2.5, while the average knife rates a hardness of 5.5. Diamonds rate a 10. Back to top ⇧

Mother-of-Pearl – The iridescent lining of an oyster shell, often inset in jewelry. Back to top ⇧

Movement (Watch) – The engine that powers a watch to keep time. An automatic watch, also called a self winding watch, uses the movement of the wrist to constantly wind the mainspring inside the watch which moves the hands at regular intervals. In the case of a quartz watch, a tiny quartz crystal is electrified making it vibrate at 32,600 times per second to produce time accurate within 15 seconds per month. Back to top ⇧

MSRP – Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price. This is the price at which a manufacturer suggests that a retailer sell its product. This price is not guaranteed to be consistent nationwide, and not all retailers will sell this product at this suggested price. Back to top ⇧

N

Nacre – The crystalline substance secreted by an oyster to form a pearl. The microscopic crystals of nacre (pronounced nay-ker) refract light to produce a pearl's color and luster. Back to top ⇧

Naturals – Portions of the original rough diamond's surface that are left unfinished or unpolished in order to save diamond weight during the cutting process. They do not detract from the clarity grade if they are left only on the girdle. Back to top ⇧

Natural Pearls – A pearl that forms naturally when a grain of sand or other small irritant enters the pearl. If the oyster is unable to eject the object, the oyster will coat the object with layers of nacre to form a pearl. Natural pearls are very rare. There is no way to determine if an oyster contains a pearl, so to create a dependable pearl supply, the culturing process was invented. Back to top ⇧

Needle – Thin, rod-like included crystals found within some diamonds. Back to top ⇧

Nickle – A common alloy in gold and silver. 18k yellow gold contains less nickel than 18k white gold. When buying a gift for someone who has a sensitivity to jewelry, consider giving platinum, a jewelry metal which contains no nickel and rarely causes skin reactions. Back to top ⇧

Nucleus – The object artificially inserted into an oyster that eventually becomes the center of a finished pearl. Back to top ⇧

O

Off-Round Pearl – Pearls that show more than a 2% variation in their circumference are considered off-round. Back to top ⇧

Onyx, Black – The common term for banded black chalcedony quartz, black onyx can be carved into cameos, shaped into cufflinks, and a wide range of other jewelry. Its color ranges from translucent to opaque. Back to top ⇧

Opal – This gemstone is composed of hydrated silica spheres which create a pattern of mini rainbows throughout the stone. It is also the birthstone of October. Because it is a relatively delicate gemstone, avoid sharp blows to your opal and keep it away from extreme heat. Opals have a 2-6% water content, so they should always be stored in a cool, protected place. Back to top ⇧

Opaque – Description of a gemstone that blocks light from passing through. It could be due to the number of inclusions or flaws, or it could simply be a characteristic of the gemstone; opals, for example, exhibit varying degrees of opacity. Back to top ⇧

Opera Length – A pearl necklace 32 inches long. Back to top ⇧

Orient – The prismatic, rainbow-like effect that seems to encircle a pearl's surface. Back to top ⇧

Oval Diamond – Oval diamonds are very popular and range in shape from nearly round to very elongated. A longer oval shape can accentuate long, slender fingers. Back to top ⇧

Oval Pearl – Freshwater cultured pearls that are ovoid in shape. Back to top ⇧

Nucleus – A hint of a secondary color in the color of a pearl, typically pink, silver, or blue. Back to top ⇧

P

Palladium – A lightweight and hypoallergenic metal that is a member of the platinum family. It is used as an alloy in platinum jewelry as well as used to create palladium jewelry. It is a true white metal which means it maintains its white color forever. Palladium bands are stamped with "Pall 950." Back to top ⇧

Patina – A satin sheen that develops on the surface of platinum, produced by daily wear and tiny scratches. Many people prefer this unique look, and avoid polishing their platinum. Back to top ⇧

Pavé – (pronounced PAH-VEY) Taken from the French for "to pave". The pave setting is often used to create the look of a path leading up to a single, central diamond through a quantity of tiny diamonds clustered together along the band. Back to top ⇧

Pavilion – The bottom portion of the diamond. It extends from the widest section (or girdle), to the bottom (or culet). Back to top ⇧

Pavilion Angle – The average angle of the main facet plane relative to the diamond's table. Back to top ⇧

Pearl – Pearls are formed when an irritant occurs or is inserted into an oyster or other mollusk. The mollusk forms layers of nacre over the irritant, eventually forming what we know as a pearl. Pearls are the birthstone for the month of June. Back to top ⇧

Pearl Shape – The shape of a pearl is defined by degrees of roundness, symmetry, and irregularity. Shape is an important characteristic in determining the value of a pearl, and pearl shapes are generally categorized as Spherical, Symmetrical, or Baroque. Spherical, or round, pearls are usually the most valuable, especially if they are part of a well-matched piece. Back to top ⇧

Pearl Size – The diameter of a pearl measured in millimeters. Size is one of the most important characteristics in determining pearl price. Back to top ⇧

Pear-Shaped Diamond – This fancy-shaped brilliant-cut diamond has a rounded end and a single point. Many who like the look of the round diamond but want a fancy shape alternative choose the pear-shape diamond. And the length of the diamond creates a slimming effect on the fingers. Back to top ⇧

Peg Setting – A tiny hole is drilled halfway into the pearl and a metal bar is inserted and secured with adhesive. Back to top ⇧

Peridot – This gemstone is valued for its beautiful chartreuse color. It is also the birthstone of August. Peridot (pronounced pair-a-doe) has been mined for jewelry for more than 4,000 years. Store your peridot jewelry in a cool, protected place. Back to top ⇧

Pavillion Angle – The average angle of the main facet plane relative to the diamond's table. Back to top ⇧

Pinpoints – One of the most common of inclusions, a pinpoint is a clear or white spot that occurs within the diamond during its formation. These are tiny crystalline growths. Back to top ⇧

Pit – Tiny holes, often appearing as white dots, on the surface of the diamond. Smaller pits can be polished away, but larger pits on the diamond's table may require re-cutting, causing the diamond to lose weight. Back to top ⇧

Platinum – The rarest of all precious metals, platinum is an extremely popular metal for jewelry. It's durable, resists tarnishing and is hypo-allergenic. True Platinum is 95% pure with 5% alloy and should be marked with 950 Plat or Plat. European jewelers also use 90% pure or 900 platinum in jewelry. Back to top ⇧

Point – The term "point" is used in the diamond industry to indicate diamond measurements that are lower than one carat. The carat is spanided into 100 points, so ‘50 points' is another way of saying ‘half-carat' or 0.50 carats. Back to top ⇧

Polish – The finished polish on a diamond's surfaces, or facets.The facets must have a good polish, free from cutting and grinding marks, in order to most effectively reflect and refract light that passes over and through the diamond. Back to top ⇧

Precious Metals – Gold, platinum, and silver are generally used to create fine jewelry. Other popular jewelry metals include stainless steel and titanium, which are typically used to create watch cases and bands. Back to top ⇧

Price per Carat – Larger stones are discovered less frequently than smaller stones and their rarity is reflected in the diamond’s “per carat” price. Due to the rarity of larger stones, the price per carat increases as the size of the stone increases. For example, a 2 carat stone is more expensive than two 1 carat stones because the price per carat of a 2 carat stone is much higher than that of a 1 carat stone. Back to top ⇧

Princess-Cut Diamond – The princess-cut is considerably more popular than the other square diamond shapes. Diamonds that appear square to the unaided eye are graded by GIA as Square Modified Brilliant. Many princess-cut diamonds can appear rectangular in shape, but the Blue Nile Signature Collection contains only diamonds that appear square in shape, with length to width ratios no greater than 1-1.05. Back to top ⇧

Princess Length – A pearl necklace 18 inches long. Back to top ⇧

Prong Setting – When a gemstone is set with prongs, each prong is bent to securely hold the gemstone by the crown. Other settings include bezel, channel, and pavé. Back to top ⇧

Proportion – A term used to describe to what degree the parts of a gemstone are symmetrical compared to the whole. Back to top ⇧

Proportion Factors – A summary of the decisions made while crafting a diamond which determine the diamond's shape, including its girdle, culet size, spread, durability, and tilt. This is a component of the cut grade, as determined by the AGSL. Back to top ⇧

Push Earring Back – The push earring back slides over the post, and usually a small indentation in the post will help prevent the earring from slipping off. Back to top ⇧

PVD – A matte black ion plating over a stainless steel watch case and band., increasing the durability and overall scratch resistance. It also provides a more subdued look in a metal watch. Back to top ⇧

Q

Quartz – Varieties of quartz range from translucent aqua blue to opaque black. The most common varieties of quartz are amethyst, citrine, and black onyx. For best care, avoid sharp blows, which can damage even the toughest gem, and keep your quartz away from extreme heat and temperature changes. Back to top ⇧

Quartz Movement – The most popular, least expensive, and most accurate type of watch movement. Quartz movement uses a tiny quartz crystal that is electrified, making it vibrate at 32,600 times per second. Quartz movement produces time accurate within 15 seconds per month. Back to top ⇧

R

Radiant-Cut Diamond – A radiant-cut combines the generally square length-to-width ratios of an emerald-cut with the triangular faceting of a brilliant-cut. Trimmed corners are the signature of this fancy-shaped diamond, and they also make the diamond very versatile. Back to top ⇧

Rice Pearls – Rice pearls are small, oval-shaped cultured freshwater pearls. They are commonly drilled and strung end-to-end to give the jewelry piece a sleek, elongated look. Back to top ⇧

Ring Setting – Collective term for the shank and the head of a ring which contains no center stone. Back to top ⇧

Ring Size – A measurement, generally between 4 and 13, determined by two factors: the diameter of the finger on which the ring will be worn, and the knuckle which the ring must slip over comfortably. Back to top ⇧

Rolo Chain – A chain style featuring uniform, round links. Similar to a cable chain, but designed to lay flatter. Back to top ⇧

Rope – A term for a pearl necklace 40 or more inches in length. Back to top ⇧

Rope Chain – A chain comprised of a series of small, oval-shaped precious metal links that are designed to resemble a woven rope. Back to top ⇧

Rose Gold – Rose gold gets its color from a larger proportion of copper in the metal alloy. This gives the gold a beautiful pink color. Back to top ⇧

Round Diamond – This classic diamond shape is most popular for diamond engagement rings. The cut arrangement and proportions of the round diamond are based on the 57-facet design (58, if the culet is flattened) established in 1919 by diamond cutter Marcel Tolkowsky. Today, round diamond cut is graded based on proportions and diamond quality standards established by the American Gem Society Laboratories (AGSL). Back to top ⇧

Rough girdle – This is a girdle that has not been polished or faceted during the cutting process. Can appear rough or even bearded. Back to top ⇧

Round Pearl – The most common shape for use in pearl jewelry. Round pearls are available in cultured, Akoya, freshwater, or South Sea varieties. Back to top ⇧

Roundness – An evaluation criteria for round pearls. They can be graded as all-round, mostly-round, slightly off-round, and off-round. Back to top ⇧

Ruby – Ruby is the red variety of corundum, and in the same family of stones as sapphire. Rubies are red by definition and one of the most valuable of precious gemstones. Ruby is the birthstone for July. Back to top ⇧

Ruthenium – A hard white acid-resistant metallic element that is found naturally in platinum ores. It's used to harden platinum and palladium to create more wear-resistant jewelry. Back to top ⇧

S

Safety Clasp – A secondary clasp on a piece of jewelry designed to help prevent loss. Squeeze the arms of the hook to release, then turn the hook to the side and slide the hook from the lock. If the hook accidentally releases, your necklace will remain secured by the safety catch. Back to top ⇧

Sapphire – Sapphires are in the corundum family of stones, the same one as rubies. In general, if the corundum is red, it's a ruby, all other colors are sapphires with blue and pink being the most common. Sapphire is the second hardest gem after diamond. Sapphire is the birthstone for the month of September. Back to top ⇧

Sapphire Crystal (Watch) – A watch crystal made from synthetic corundum. It is the most durable watch crystal, as only another corundum or diamond can scratch its surface. Back to top ⇧

Saturation – This term refers to the color purity, or the degree to which the gem color is free from brown or gray hues. The most desirable gemstones, which show very little gray or brown, are often described as having vivid or strong color saturation. Also the intensity of a particular color in a fancy diamond. The actual color itself is the hue, such as red, while saturation is the intensity of that color, such as how dark or light the red is. Back to top ⇧

Scratch – Scratches on the surface of the diamond that can appear as thin, white lines, shallow in depth and narrow in width. Can detract from a diamond's grade, but can usually be polished away. Back to top ⇧

Screw Back – A threaded post and screw used on earrings. Screw backs offer a measure of security for more expensive earrings by holding them more securely in place. Back to top ⇧

Second Hand – The second hand measures seconds. On quartz watches, this hand moves in second intervals. On an automatic watch, this hand moves smoothly, passing each second marker in second increments. Back to top ⇧

Semi-mount – A setting that does not include the center stone. The semi-mount can have the side stones present, but the center stone is absent. Back to top ⇧

Setting – Setting is the general term for the way a diamond or gemstone attached to the piece of jewelry. Back to top ⇧

Shank – The part of the ring that encircles the finger. Strictly speaking, the shank of the ring does not include the head. Back to top ⇧

Shape – The geometrical form a gemstone takes on after it has been cut. The most common shapes of gemstones are round, oval, radiant, princess, square, as well as pear-shaped or heart-shaped. Back to top ⇧

Sidestone – A diamond or gemstone set alongside, or as part of a group of gemstones encircling a center stone. Back to top ⇧

Sterling Silver – Sterling silver is one of the most popular, affordable, durable jewelry metals. While natural silver is harder than natural gold, silver must still be alloyed before it can be successfully used in jewelry. Copper is commonly alloyed in a ratio of 75 parts copper to 925 parts silver. If stamped, sterling silver will display the mark 925, Ster., or Sterling. Back to top ⇧

Solitaire – Solitaire is the general descriptor of a single diamond or gemstone, mounted alone on the band. The setting varieties could include bezel, prong, or other styles. Back to top ⇧

South Seas Pearl – Large pearls known for their unique luster qualities, created by oysters in the waters off Australia, Myanmar, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Full strands of matched round South Seas pearls are rare and are more expensive than other types of pearls. Back to top ⇧

Spherical (Pearl) – Round in shape. Back to top ⇧

Spread – The face-up appearance of the diamond in terms of size; never to be confused with the actual carat weight of the diamond. Diamonds with Ideal cuts have an equal weight and spread. Back to top ⇧

Spring Ring – The spring ring is opened when the arm of the clasp is pulled backwards. The pressure of a tiny spring keeps the arm closed. Back to top ⇧

Stainless Steel – A durable metal used in creating jewelry, watch cases and watch bands. Many watch brands use a grade of stainless steel that is nickel-free in order to avoid the allergic reactions some wearers experience. Back to top ⇧

Star Facet – Any one of the eight small, triangular facets found next to the table in a diamond's crown. Back to top ⇧

Star Length Percentage – Seen from the top of a diamond, the horizontally projected distance between the table edge and the point of a star facet. Back to top ⇧

Strap (Watch) – The strap, band, or bracelet that holds your watch to your wrist. Most watches are easy to size to fit. If you have a rubber strap or leather band, simply cinch the band to fit the buckle hole that is most comfortable for your wrist. If you have a bracelet band, follow the watch manufacturer's direction to remove links to fit the band to your wrist. If you need additional links, contact the watch manufacturer directly using the information listed on the watch brand warranty page. Back to top ⇧

Strap Length (Watch) – This is the length of the watch measured from end to end. Most watches with metal bracelets are designed to be shortened, so keep in mind that when you buy this type of watch you will most likely have to remove links in order to make it fit properly. Back to top ⇧

Step cut – A diamond cut with long, rectangular facets, which run parallel to the girdle. The emerald cut and Asscher cuts are good examples of the step cut diamond. Back to top ⇧

Stud Earrings – A simple earring style featuring a single gemstone, pearl, or metal ball set on a straight post. Back to top ⇧

Subdial – Small dials on the watch face that display elapsed durations of time. Subdials display the functions of the chronograph. Chronographs usually have three subdials on a watch face. Back to top ⇧

Surface Graining – Often appearing as parallel lines on the diamond's surface. Similar to polishing lines, and may be the result of irregularities in the diamond's crystal growth. Back to top ⇧

Surface Markings – Imperfections on the surface of a pearl. Often described as spots, blisters, or indentations. Back to top ⇧

Symmetrical (Pearls) – A term used to describe a pearl with similar characteristics on opposite sides. Back to top ⇧

Symmetry – Refers to the placement of a diamond's facets. The facets should all be the proper size in relation to one another, and the proper number.Good symmetry provides the dazzling light display that we know as "scintillation". Back to top ⇧

Synthetic Diamond – Diamonds that are produced in a laboratory. They have the same chemical composition as their natural counterparts and are much less expensive. Back to top ⇧

Synthetic Gemstones – Gemstones that are produced in a laboratory. They have the same chemical composition as their natural counterparts and are much less expensive. The most common gems to be synthesized are emeralds, rubies, sapphires and opals. Blue Nile does not carry synthetic gemstones. Back to top ⇧

T

Table – The largest facet of the diamond. This is the facet that sits at the top of the diamond, and serves as the main entrance and exit point for light. Back to top ⇧

Table percentage – This is the table's width expressed as a comparison with the diamond's widest point (girdle). Back to top ⇧

Depth & Table Percentages – Depth and table percentages help determine the proportions of a diamond, and from these measurements you can determine the quality and grade of a diamond's cut. Getting the right depth and table percentage is critical to maximizing a diamond's brilliance. Back to top ⇧

Tachymeter – A function of a watch chronograph similar to a stop watch feature that can measure the rate of speed traveled over a measured distance in a particular length of time. This is usually used to measure high rates of speed. For example, the user can start the second hand, drive or fly a mile and then press stop and the second hand will point to the MPH traveled. Back to top ⇧

Tahitian Pearls – Pearls cultivated from black-lipped pearl oysters growing mostly in French Polynesia. Tahitian pearls are known for their mirror-like luster and beautiful colors ranging from silvery-gray to purplish-black. Back to top ⇧

Teardrop Pearls – Teardrop pearls are off-round, typically more pear-shaped. Teardrop pearls are commonly used as a dangling part of earrings or necklaces, but they can also be drilled through the center and strung like round pearls. The word teardrop is also sometimes used to describe a pear-shaped diamond. Back to top ⇧

Tilt – When tipping or rocking a diamond, the point at which the girdle can be seen reflecting through the table. Back to top ⇧

Titanium – An ultra-light metal often used to create watch cases and bands, making them some of the lightest watches available. It is stronger and lighter than steel and is resistant to salt water corrosion. Back to top ⇧

Tone – A classification scale, ranging from Colorless to Extremely Dark, which indicates color intensity in gemstones. Tone should be considered along with color and saturation to help determine the quality of a colored gemstone. Back to top ⇧

Topaz, Blue – Blue topaz ranges in color from lighter to darker blue. For best care, avoid sharp blows, which can damage even the toughest gem, and keep your topaz away from extreme heat. Blue Topaz is the birthstone of December. Back to top ⇧

Tourmaline, Pink – Tourmaline is one of the most versatile gemstones available. Pink Tourmaline is an alternate birthstone for October. Back to top ⇧

Treated diamonds – Diamonds that have had their color or clarity enhanced beyond the cutting and polishing stage. Includes subjecting the diamond to radiation. Back to top ⇧

Trillion, Trilliant – A triangular brilliant cut diamond with 44 facets. Back to top ⇧

Troy Weight – A traditional system of measuring the weight of gold, named after Troyes in France. Troy weight uses grains, pennyweights, ounces and pounds. The Troy ounce and pound are not the same as the US ounce and pound. There are 480 grains to a Troy ounce, and 12 Troy ounces to a Troy pound. Back to top ⇧

Twinning wisp – Lines or groupings of inclusions from the diamond's center that have twisted together to form a single ribbon-like band of inclusion.More commonly found in fancy cut diamonds, and formed as the crystal is growing. Back to top ⇧

U

Ultrasonic Cleaner – A device used to clean jewelry using ultrasonic waves to loosen dirt and build-up. There are several affordable models of ultrasonic cleaner designed for home use. You can find them available in small-appliance stores. There are certain gemstones which should never be cleaned with an ultrasonic cleaner. Back to top ⇧

Uniformity – A grade that describes how well pearls in a piece of jewelry match one another. Uniformity can be excellent, good, or fair. Back to top ⇧

V

W

Water Resistance – The ability of a watch to resist penetration by water. If the watch is to withstand water as stated by the manufacturer, the crown, case, stem, and crystal must be intact. Some watches are resistant to higher pressures experienced at underwater depths. Most watches list water resistance in either ATMs or BARs. ATM stands for atmospheres, and each atmosphere equals roughly 33 feet of water depth. BAR is a unit of pressure equal to roughly .99 atmospheres. Typically, a watch with 10 BAR engraved on the case is suitable for water contact from showering to snorkel-depth swimming. Water resistance listed on this site refers to the watch itself and not the watch strap. Watch straps of any type of natural material (such as leather, suede, fabric) are not water resistant. Back to top ⇧

Wedding Ring – A wedding ring or as it is sometimes called "wedding band" which is exchanged during the wedding ceremony. It is traditionally made of precious metal and has the same width all the way around. Whether or not the wedding band matches the engagement ring is a personal preference. Back to top ⇧

Weight Ratio – A description of the diamond's weight relative to its diameter. Back to top ⇧

Wheat Link – A style of chain featuring interlocking twisted oval links. Back to top ⇧

White Gold – Because 18k white gold is 75% gold, and 14k white gold is 58.3% gold, jewelry made from these metals has a slight yellow color. To enhance the whiteness, almost all white gold is plated with rhodium, a shiny, white metal which is extremely hard. Depending on the amount of wear to a piece of jewelry, over time this rhodium plating may wear off, revealing the original metal color. Re-plating is a simple process that can be done to restore your jewelry's whiteness if needed. Back to top ⇧

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Y

Yellow Gold – Gold has been used to create jewelry for centuries and is valued for its beauty, strength and malleability. Gold will never tarnish, rust, or corrode. While naturally yellow, various alloys are commonly added to gold to create white gold and rose gold. Gold is commonly measured by karat for jewelry:

Z

Zirconia, Cubic – A clear crystal with the general appearance of diamond when viewed from reasonable distance. Most often used in costume jewelry. Back to top ⇧